Eniac Computer Vacuum Tubes

What should be considered the first computer?

Should it be the Turing Machine or the Harvard Mark I or the ENIAC (which used vacuum tubes instead of mechanical switches)?

In 1937, George Stibitz of the Bell Telephone Laboratories (Bell Labs), New York City, constructs a demonstration 1-bit binary adder using relays. This is one of the first binary computers, although at this stage it was only a demonstration machine improvements continued leading to the ‘complex number calculator’ of January 1940.

Jean Jennings Bartik – ENIAC Pioneer

Eniac: The Triumphs and Tragedies of the World’s First Computer $5.00 For all his genius, John von Neumann was not, as he is generally credited, the true father of the modern computer. That honor belongs to the two men who built the first programmable computer, the lengendary ENIAC: John Mauchly and Presper Eckert. In ENIAC, two stories-of the three-year race to complete the computer, and of the three-decade struggle to take credit for it-are intertwined and fully r…

Vacuum Tubes: An entry from Macmillan Reference USA’s Macmillan Reference USA Science Library: Computer Sciences $4.90 This digital document is an article from Macmillan Reference USA Science Library: Computer Sciences, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses. The length of the article is 1179 words. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately afte…

ENIAC: The Triumphs and Tragedies of the World’s First Computer $17.47 For all his genius, John von Neumann was not, as he is generally credited, the true father of the modern computer. That honor belongs to the two men – John Mauchly and Presper Eckert – who built…

Glowing Flash Vacuum Tubes Vintage Dark T-Shirt by CafePress $26 Merely glowing vacuum tubes? Or something more? Perhaps cosmic? How a persistence of memory glowing, gently wildly flashing light might alter your destiny. 7..Hypnotic…6..5..4.. Entrancing..3 2..? Vintage Dark T-Shirt Tee, TShirt, Shirt Don’t waste time deciding on which shirt to put on each morning. This dark shirt t-shirt will never go out of style and hides stains better too. This high-quality t-shirt is pre-shrunk and 100% cotton, which makes it both comfortable and durable.

Groove Tubes Silver Series St-7591-R Power Tube $30.95 The Groove Tubes Silver Series ST-7591-R Power Tube is a somewhat obscure pentode tube used in some early Gibson amps that had been off the market. Recently, a Russian factory decided to supply it again. Groove Tubes ST-7591-R tubes are made in very low quantities and are a close copy of the original vacuum tube.Country of origin: Russia NEW SILVER SERIES TUBESGroove Tubes Silver Series are tested and warranted to meet or exceed factory specifications.Silver Series tubes are excellent for “normal” tube replacement applications and offer exceptional value.Not recommended for the critical high gain V1 stages of high gain guitar amps, but perfect for the other less critical stages such as V2-V6 stages.Country of origin: Russia

Groove Tubes Gold Series Gt-Ecc83-S Preamp Tube $17.99 The Groove Tubes Gold Series GT-ECC83-S is a classic Euro type preamp tube with medium to high gain and a linear frequency response. Very clear, even vacuum tube tone with good bass character.Country of origin: SlovakiaCountry of origin: Slovakia

Tungsol 6V6GT Matched Power Tubes Medium Duet $34.99 The Tungsol 6V6GT is the preferred OEM tube of the ’50s-era Fender Tweed Champ and Deluxe amplifiers. The Tungsol 6V6 has a geometry designed to safely handle the higher voltages used in guitar amps–plus heavier plate and grid materials. The result: better mids and bottom while keeping the smooth top of the classic 6V6 vacuum tubes. The Tungsol 6V6 breaks up evenly from low E to high up the neck. Blues players will LOVE these tubes for the way they sing!

Tungsol 6V6GT Matched Power Tubes Hard Duet $43.99 The Tungsol 6V6GT is the preferred OEM tube of the ’50s-era Fender Tweed Champ and Deluxe amplifiers. The Tungsol 6V6 has a geometry designed to safely handle the higher voltages used in guitar amps–plus heavier plate and grid materials. The result: better mids and bottom while keeping the smooth top of the classic 6V6 vacuum tubes. The Tungsol 6V6 breaks up evenly from low E to high up the neck. Blues players will LOVE these tubes for the way they sing!

Tungsol 6V6GT Matched Power Tubes Soft Duet $43.99 The Tungsol 6V6GT is the preferred OEM tube of the ’50s-era Fender Tweed Champ and Deluxe amplifiers. The Tungsol 6V6 has a geometry designed to safely handle the higher voltages used in guitar amps–plus heavier plate and grid materials. The result: better mids and bottom while keeping the smooth top of the classic 6V6 vacuum tubes. The Tungsol 6V6 breaks up evenly from low E to high up the neck. Blues players will LOVE these tubes for the way they sing!

Groove Tubes Gold Series Gt-6201-M Preamp Tube $20.95 Groove Tubes Gold Series GT-6201-M Preamp Tubes exhibit low noise, hum and microphonics and are specially selected for use in recording microphones. A very quiet selected version of a 12AT7. These were used for critical applications such as microphones which use the 12AT7, studio gear, and vacuum tube preamplifiers that use a 12AT7 tube.This is a Russia made NOS JAN spec tube (Joint Army/Navy Spec) made in the late 70′s.These GT-6201-M Preamp Tubes feature long lasting, really heavy duty dual triodes, usually used in the driver stage of an amp, aka: Phase inverter, and they take a beating driving the power tube changes.Country of origin: RussiaCountry of origin: Russia

D.W. Fearn VT-1 Single Channel Vacuum Tube Microphone Preamp $2400 Microphone preamplifiers from D.W. Fearn’s VT-series will change the way you think of audio quality. The transparency is astounding. Vocals sound smoother, warmer, more intimate, with a compelling presence. Any microphone and any sound will benefit from the improved clarity, definition, and lack of solid-state artifacts. The VT-1 from tube guru D.W. Fearn recreates the sound of classic tube preamps of the 1960s. Modern components and computer-optimized circuitry, unavailable during the vacuum tube era, elevate this design to a new level of performance. The VT-1 preamplifier was designed for optimal sonic quality, reliability, and durability. Like the best tube equipment of the 1950s and ’60s, the VT-1 is built on a heavy-gauge aluminum chassis, utilizing point-to-point wiring. Each vacuum tube is selected for minimum noise and microphonics, and maximum sound clarity. The front panel switches control sealed, gold-contact precision relays for all audio switching, eliminating the possibility of dirty contacts degrading the sound and minimizing the internal audio path. Four class-A triode amplifier sections (in two tubes) in each channel comprise the entire active circuit. This surprisingly simple circuit, along with top-quality components and careful design optimization, results in the sonic superiority that the VT-1 has become known for. All over the globe, VT-1 mic preamps are in daily use in the world’s best studios, as well as in home project studios, helping many top recording artists achieve the best possible sound. Important Note: Due to heat given off by tubes, D.W. Fearn recommends that you provide at least one rack unit (RU) of space above and below their audio rack products. For proper cooling and a refined look for your rack, we highly recommend using D.W. Fearn Vented Rack Panels (#180296). Dual-channel version D.W. Fearn VT-2 also available (see #180272). History of the VT-1 and VT-2 Vacuum Tube Microphone Preamplifiers One day in 1991, I was going through some old masters in a closet at home and came across a reel from 1968. It was one of the first studio recordings I ever made. I pulled the tape box off the shelf and thought about those days. Although I suspected that the recording might be a bit crude, I remembered that the music was pretty good, so I made a cassette to listen to in the car. I kept forgetting to put the cassette in my pocket for a few days, but finally I remembered to take it. That old recording brought back memories of my first studio and how primitive a setup it was. But listening to that tape was a revelation; some of the sounds were really nice. The vocals were full and warm but still punched through. Acoustic guitars had a depth I don’t often hear in current recordings. And the sax solo wow! It ripped through with a grossly distorted but beautifully

D.W. Fearn VT-2 Dual Channel Vacuum Tube Microphone Preamplifier $3900 The VT-series microphone preamplifiers from D.W. Fearn will change the way you think of audio quality. The transparency is astounding. Vocals sound smoother, warmer, more intimate, with a compelling presence. Any microphone and any sound will benefit from the improved clarity, definition, and lack of solid-state artifacts. The VT-2 preamplifier recreates the sound of classic tube preamps of the 1960s. Modern components and computer-optimized circuitry, unavailable during the vacuum tube era, elevate this design to a new level of performance. The VT-2 mic preamp was designed for optimal sonic quality, reliability, and durability. Like the best tube equipment of the 1950s and ’60s, the VT-2 is built on a heavy-guage aluminum chassis, utilizing point-to-point wiring. Each vacuum tube is selected for minimum noise and microphonics, and maximum sonic clarity. The front panel switches control sealed, gold-contact precision relays for all audio switching, eliminating the possibility of dirty contacts degrading the sound and minimizing the internal audio path. Four class-A triode amplifier sections (in two tubes) in each channel comprise the entire active circuit. This surprisingly simple circuit, along with top-quality components and careful design optimization, results in the sonic superiority that the VT-2 has become known for. All over the globe, VT-2 preamps are in daily use in the world’s best studios, as well as in home project studios, helping many top recording artists achieve the best possible sound. Important Note: Due to heat given off by tubes, D.W. Fearn recommends that you provide at least one rack unit (RU) of space above and below their audio rack products. For proper cooling and a refined look for your rack, we highly recommend using D.W. Fearn Vented Rack Panels (#180296). Single-channel version D.W. Fearn VT-1 also available (see #180271). History of the VT-1 and VT-2 Vacuum Tube Microphone Preamplifiers One day in 1991 I was going through some old masters in a closet at home and came across a reel from 1968. It was one of the first studio recordings I ever made. I pulled the tape box off the shelf and thought about those days. Although I suspected that the recording might be a bit crude, I remembered that the music was pretty good, so I made a cassette to listen to in the car. I kept forgetting to put the cassette in my pocket for a few days, but finally I remembered to take it. That old recording brought back memories of my first studio and how primitive a setup it was. But listening to that tape was a revelation; some of the sounds were really nice. The vocals were full and warm but still punched through. Acoustic guitars had a depth I don’t often hear in current recordings. And the sax solo wow! It ripped through with a grossly distorted but beautifully powerful sound.

D.W. Fearn Vt-1 Single Channel Vacuum Tube Microphone Preamp $2400 Microphone preamplifiers from D.W. Fearn’s VT-series will change the way you think of audio quality. The transparency is astounding. Vocals sound smoother, warmer, more intimate, with a compelling presence. Any microphone and any sound will benefit from the improved clarity, definition, and lack of solid-state artifacts. The VT-1 from tube guru D.W. Fearn recreates the sound of classic tube preamps of the 1960s. Modern components and computer-optimized circuitry, unavailable during the vacuum tube era, elevate this design to a new level of performance. The VT-1 preamplifier was designed for optimal sonic quality, reliability, and durability. Like the best tube equipment of the 1950s and ’60s, the VT-1 is built on a heavy-gauge aluminum chassis, utilizing point-to-point wiring. Each vacuum tube is selected for minimum noise and microphonics, and maximum sound clarity. The front panel switches control sealed, gold-contact precision relays for all audio switching, eliminating the possibility of dirty contacts degrading the sound and minimizing the internal audio path. Four class-A triode amplifier sections (in two tubes) in each channel comprise the entire active circuit. This surprisingly simple circuit, along with top-quality components and careful design optimization, results in the sonic superiority that the VT-1 has become known for. All over the globe, VT-1 mic preamps are in daily use in the world’s best studios, as well as in home project studios, helping many top recording artists achieve the best possible sound. Important Note: Due to heat given off by tubes, D.W. Fearn recommends that you provide at least one rack unit (RU) of space above and below their audio rack products. For proper cooling and a refined look for your rack, we highly recommend using D.W. Fearn Vented Rack Panels (#180296). Dual-channel version D.W. Fearn VT-2 also available (see #180272). History of the VT-1 and VT-2 Vacuum Tube Microphone Preamplifiers One day in 1991, I was going through some old masters in a closet at home and came across a reel from 1968. It was one of the first studio recordings I ever made. I pulled the tape box off the shelf and thought about those days. Although I suspected that the recording might be a bit crude, I remembered that the music was pretty good, so I made a cassette to listen to in the car. I kept forgetting to put the cassette in my pocket for a few days, but finally I remembered to take it. That old recording brought back memories of my first studio and how primitive a setup it was. But listening to that tape was a revelation; some of the sounds were really nice. The vocals were full and warm but still punched through. Acoustic guitars had a depth I don’t often hear in current recordings. And the sax solo wow! It ripped through with a grossly distorted but beautifully powerful sound. That recording was done on a 4-track Scully 280 and mixed to a 2-track Scully. My prize microphone was a Neumann U-87 and that’

D.W. Fearn Vt-2 Dual Channel Vacuum Tube Microphone Preamplifier $3900 The VT-series microphone preamplifiers from D.W. Fearn will change the way you think of audio quality. The transparency is astounding. Vocals sound smoother, warmer, more intimate, with a compelling presence. Any microphone and any sound will benefit from the improved clarity, definition, and lack of solid-state artifacts. The VT-2 preamplifier recreates the sound of classic tube preamps of the 1960s. Modern components and computer-optimized circuitry, unavailable during the vacuum tube era, elevate this design to a new level of performance. The VT-2 mic preamp was designed for optimal sonic quality, reliability, and durability. Like the best tube equipment of the 1950s and ’60s, the VT-2 is built on a heavy-guage aluminum chassis, utilizing point-to-point wiring. Each vacuum tube is selected for minimum noise and microphonics, and maximum sonic clarity. The front panel switches control sealed, gold-contact precision relays for all audio switching, eliminating the possibility of dirty contacts degrading the sound and minimizing the internal audio path. Four class-A triode amplifier sections (in two tubes) in each channel comprise the entire active circuit. This surprisingly simple circuit, along with top-quality components and careful design optimization, results in the sonic superiority that the VT-2 has become known for. All over the globe, VT-2 preamps are in daily use in the world’s best studios, as well as in home project studios, helping many top recording artists achieve the best possible sound. Important Note: Due to heat given off by tubes, D.W. Fearn recommends that you provide at least one rack unit (RU) of space above and below their audio rack products. For proper cooling and a refined look for your rack, we highly recommend using D.W. Fearn Vented Rack Panels (#180296). Single-channel version D.W. Fearn VT-1 also available (see #180271). History of the VT-1 and VT-2 Vacuum Tube Microphone Preamplifiers One day in 1991 I was going through some old masters in a closet at home and came across a reel from 1968. It was one of the first studio recordings I ever made. I pulled the tape box off the shelf and thought about those days. Although I suspected that the recording might be a bit crude, I remembered that the music was pretty good, so I made a cassette to listen to in the car. I kept forgetting to put the cassette in my pocket for a few days, but finally I remembered to take it. That old recording brought back memories of my first studio and how primitive a setup it was. But listening to that tape was a revelation; some of the sounds were really nice. The vocals were full and warm but still punched through. Acoustic guitars had a depth I don’t often hear in current recordings. And the sax solo wow! It ripped through with a grossly distorted but beautifully powerful sound. That recording was done on a 4-track Scully 280 and mixed to a 2-track Scully. My prize microphone was a Neumann U-87 and that’s what was probabl

Groove Tubes Silver Series St-El84-S Power Tube $13.95 The Silver Series ST-EL84-S Power Tube is Groove Tubes’ European version with even more response, higher power and warmer tone. Good quality, long lasting type vacuum tube with a slightly aggressive edge when pushed into overdrive. Most common low power pentode, popularized in early Vox AC30 amps. Quick, soft overdrive distortion, a great power tube for recording.Country of origin: SlovakiaNEW SILVER SERIES TUBESGroove Tubes Silver Series are tested and warranted to meet or exceed factory specifications.Silver Series tubes are excellent for “normal” tube replacement applications and offer exceptional value.Not recommended for the critical high gain V1 stages of high gain guitar amps, but perfect for the other less critical stages such as V2-V6 stages.Country of origin: Slovakia

Groove Tubes Gold Series Gt-12Ax7-R Preamp Tube $16.95 The Groove Tubes Gold Series GT-12AX7-R Preamp Tube is an older-style Russian-type vacuum tube with strong tone and a slightly edgy tone. This newer tube from Russia has slightly brighter and lower gain, quicker compression than the GT 12AX7. Great for most Fender amplifiers, especially lower gain Fender-type amps. Country of origin: RussiaCountry of origin: Russia

Tung-Sol 6V6gt Matched Power Tubes Medium Duet $34.99 The Tungsol 6V6GT is the preferred OEM tube of the ’50s-era Fender Tweed Champ and Deluxe amplifiers. The Tungsol 6V6 has a geometry designed to safely handle the higher voltages used in guitar amps–plus heavier plate and grid materials. The result: better mids and bottom while keeping the smooth top of the classic 6V6 vacuum tubes. The Tungsol 6V6 breaks up evenly from low E to high up the neck. Blues players will LOVE these tubes for the way they sing!

Tung-Sol 6V6gt Matched Power Tubes Hard Duet $43.99 The Tungsol 6V6GT is the preferred OEM tube of the ’50s-era Fender Tweed Champ and Deluxe amplifiers. The Tungsol 6V6 has a geometry designed to safely handle the higher voltages used in guitar amps–plus heavier plate and grid materials. The result: better mids and bottom while keeping the smooth top of the classic 6V6 vacuum tubes. The Tungsol 6V6 breaks up evenly from low E to high up the neck. Blues players will LOVE these tubes for the way they sing!

Tung-Sol 6V6gt Matched Power Tubes Soft Duet $43.99 The Tungsol 6V6GT is the preferred OEM tube of the ’50s-era Fender Tweed Champ and Deluxe amplifiers. The Tungsol 6V6 has a geometry designed to safely handle the higher voltages used in guitar amps–plus heavier plate and grid materials. The result: better mids and bottom while keeping the smooth top of the classic 6V6 vacuum tubes. The Tungsol 6V6 breaks up evenly from low E to high up the neck. Blues players will LOVE these tubes for the way they sing!